Refrigeration ndi njira yopangira zinthu zozizirira pochotsa kutentha.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira chakudya ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka, kuteteza matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya.Zimagwira ntchito chifukwa kukula kwa mabakiteriya kumachepetsedwa pa kutentha kochepa.
Njira zosungira chakudya mwa kuziziritsa zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, koma firiji yamakono ndi yopangidwa posachedwapa.Masiku ano, kufunikira kwa firiji ndi mpweya wabwino kumayimira pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi nkhani ya 2015 mu International Journal of Refrigeration.
Mbiri
Anthu a ku China adadula ndi kusunga ayezi cha m'ma 1000 BC, ndipo patapita zaka 500, Aigupto ndi Amwenye adaphunzira kusiya miphika yadothi usiku wozizira kuti apange ayezi, malinga ndi Keep It Cool, kampani yotentha ndi yozizira yomwe ili ku Lake Park, Florida.Zikhalidwe zina, monga Agiriki, Aroma ndi Ahebri, ankasunga chipale chofewa m’maenje ndi kuwaphimba ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zotetezera, malinga ndi kunena kwa magazini ya History.M'madera osiyanasiyana ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma 1700, mchere wosungunuka m'madzi unapezeka kuti umapangitsa kuti uzizizira ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi oundana.M’zaka za m’ma 1700, anthu a ku Ulaya ankatolera madzi oundana m’nyengo yozizira, n’kuwathira mchere, n’kuwakulunga mu flannel, n’kuwasunga mobisa kumene ankakhalako kwa miyezi yambiri.Madzi oundana adatumizidwa kumadera ena padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi nkhani ya 2004 yofalitsidwa m'magazini ya American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
Kuzizira kwa evaporative
Lingaliro la firiji lopangidwa ndi makina linayamba pamene William Cullen, dokotala wa ku Scotland, anaona kuti kutuluka kwa nthunzi kunali ndi zotsatira zoziziritsa m'ma 1720.Adawonetsa malingaliro ake mu 1748 potulutsa ethyl ether m'malo opanda mpweya, malinga ndi Peak Mechanical Partnership, kampani yopanga mapaipi ndi kutentha yokhazikika ku Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Oliver Evans, wotulukira zinthu wa ku America, anapanga koma sanapange makina oziziritsira m’firiji omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito nthunzi m’malo mwa madzi mu 1805. Mu 1820, wasayansi wachingelezi Michael Faraday anagwiritsa ntchito madzi a ammonia kuti aziziziritsa.Jacob Perkins, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ndi Evans, adalandira chilolezo cha vaporcompression cycle pogwiritsa ntchito ammonia yamadzi mu 1835, malinga ndi History of Refrigeration.Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi zina amatchedwa “bambo wa firiji.” John Gorrie, dokotala wa ku America, nayenso anamanga makina ofanana ndi amene Evans anapanga mu 1842. Gorrie ankagwiritsa ntchito firiji yake, yomwe inkapanga madzi oundana, kuti aziziziritsa odwala matenda a yellow fever. m'chipatala cha Florida.Gorrie adalandira chilolezo choyamba cha US cha njira yake yopangira ayezi mu 1851.
Opanga ena padziko lonse lapansi adapitiliza kupanga zatsopano ndikuwongolera njira zomwe zilipo kale za firiji, malinga ndi Peak Mechanical, kuphatikiza:
Ferdinand Carré, injiniya wa ku France, anapanga firiji yomwe inkagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osakaniza okhala ndi ammonia ndi madzi mu 1859.
Carl von Linde, wasayansi wa ku Germany, anapanga makina onyamulira a kompresa firiji pogwiritsa ntchito methyl ether mu 1873, ndipo mu 1876 anasintha kukhala ammonia.Mu 1894, Linde anapanganso njira zatsopano zochepetsera mpweya wambiri.
1899, Albert T. Marshall, woyambitsa wa ku America, adapereka chilolezo choyamba cha firiji yamakina.
Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya zakuthambo, Albert Einstein, anali ndi ufulu wa firiji mu 1930 ndi lingaliro lopanga firiji yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe popanda zigawo zosuntha ndipo sanadalire magetsi.
Kutchuka kwa firiji zamalonda kunakula chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800 chifukwa cha malo opangira moŵa, malinga ndi kunena kwa Peak Mechanical, pamene firiji yoyamba inaikidwa pamalo opangira moŵa mu Brooklyn, New York, mu 1870. anali ndi firiji.
Makampani olongedza nyama anatsatira ndi firiji yoyamba yomwe inayambitsidwa ku Chicago mu 1900, malinga ndi magazini ya History, ndipo pafupifupi zaka 15 pambuyo pake, pafupifupi zomera zonse zolongedza nyama zinagwiritsa ntchito mafiriji. anali ndi firiji.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi nyumba zonse ku United States - 99 peresenti - zili ndi firiji imodzi, ndipo pafupifupi 26 peresenti ya nyumba za US zili ndi zoposa imodzi, malinga ndi lipoti la 2009 la US Department of Energy.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-04-2022